Gelada (Theropithecus gelada), endemic to Ethiopia, is unique among old-world monkeys, specifically adapted to Afroalpine and sub-Afroalpine grasslands and rocky gorges. Although different studies have investigated its population dynamics and feeding ecologies, the species global population status and behavioral ecology remain understudied. This review synthesizes findings from 13 peer-reviewed studies published between 2009 and 2024 to analyze gelada population dynamics and feeding behaviour. The estimated total population of gelada in Ethiopia is approximately 29,969 individuals, with 62.90% residing in the Simien Mountains National Park. Gelada predominantly inhabits sub-Afroalpine ecosystems (68.1%), followed by forests (28.80%) and Afroalpine ecosystems (3.10%). Most gelada populations (76.32%) are found in protected areas, whereas 23.68% inhabit unprotected regions. It exhibits complex social structures, forming groups from one male units to large communities, with group sizes varying from 7 to 154 individuals on average. Its diet is diverse, consisting of grasses, sedges, forbs, shrubs, roots, tubers, fruits, cereal crops, and invertebrates, which varies based on habitat type. The global gelada population is declining due to multiple threats, highlighting the urgent need for conservation strategies that integrate both protected and unprotected habitats. Strengthening conservation efforts is crucial to ensuring the long-term survival of this endemic primate species.
Abundances; Distribution; Feeding Behavior; Gelada population; Social Organization.
Ewnetu, S., Tilahun, B. (2025): Population Dynamics and Feeding Behavior of Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) in Ethiopia. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 56, 2, 7, DOI: 10.7160/sab.2025.560207