Deforestation and forest degradation compromise the capacity of ecosystems to store carbon, exacerbating climate change. This study analyses the dynamics of LULC change in the Ouémé- Supérieur Forest reserve (2003–2023) and assesses carbon sequestration relative to these dynamics using the InVEST model. Satellite image analysis was employed to map LULC changes, with a transition matrix quantifying conversions between LULC types. The InVEST model estimated variations in aboveground carbon stock. Results reveal a loss of 10,964.16 hectares of Dense Forest and the degradation of 17,947.47 hectares of Woodlands (WL). Gross deforestation amounted to 10,964.16 hectares, with an annual rate of 548.21 hectares (5.83%). Carbon stock decreased significantly by 13.7% (1,617,440.35 Mg) over two decades. Dense Forests’ carbon stock dropped from 622,043.70 Mg to 407,227.51 Mg, while Dry Forests saw a slight increase, reaching 1,497,499.17 Mg in 2023. Trees and Shrubs Savannahs (TSS) experienced an increase in carbon stock, highlighting the need for a balance between conservation and development. ANOVA showed significant differences in carbon stock with LULC types (p-value < 0.001), with a high F-value (23.76). To reverse these trends, strengthened conservation policies, ecological restoration, remote sensing-based monitoring, and community participation are essential.
forest degradation; remote sensing; ecological restoration