SAB

Case Study: Range of Bush Plantings in Gardens Designed by Landscape Architect Josef Vaněk

Identification of the original planting range used and its specific applications in the objects of historical landscape works can significantly help in art monuments reconstruction. Concerning the work of interwar Czech landscape architects, the issue of a perennial flower bed has been intensively studied. By the tree and bush floors, the problem is more complex. The work of Josef Kumpán has mostly been documented by fully preserved planting plans. The present case study on a uniquely discovered specific planting plan of the landscape architect Josef Vaněk provides insight into how bush groups were handled, composed, and what was their specific composition. These documents allow comparing the creative approaches of landscape designers of this era. The study contributes to the reconstruction or maintenance of monument objects created in the interwar period.

Landscape architecture, Josef Vaněk, shrubs

Prokeš, R. (2020): Case Study: Range of Bush Plantings in Gardens Designed by Landscape Architect Josef Vaněk. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 51, 1-8. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2020-0001

Files for download

sab-2020-01-01-prokes.pdf

Size 11.55 MB

Download file

Average Life Expectancy, the Most Common Cause of Death and Illness of Giant Dog Breeds

The aim of this study was to analyze the most common diseases and genetic defects that occur during the lifetime of giant dog breeds, to determine the average lifespan and the cause of death/euthanasia. Data were obtained through a survey and concerned the health of 241 individuals of giant dog breeds held in the Czech Republic. Evaluated items involved an average lifespan, an average lifespan per gender, cause of death, reasons for euthanasia, cause of mortality (especially in selected Mastiff type breeds), life expectancy per breed and incidence of diseases among giant breeds during the lifetime. The average lifespan in giant breed dogs was found to be 7.60 years. A significant difference (P ? 0.05) was found between life expectancies in males and females, with female dogs reaching 1.42 year higher age (8.10 years) than males (6.68 years). The most common cause of spontaneous death among giant breeds was gastric dilatation and torsion (28% of dogs) and for euthanasia osteosarcoma (38% of dogs). The cause of mortality especially in selected Mastiff type breeds of dogs was gastric dilatation and torsion (30% of dogs). This is the first broad analytical study concerning this topic published in the Czech Republic.

Canis lupus familiaris, Molossian type, Irish Wolfhound, lifespan, cause of death, reason for euthanasia

Fiala Šebková, N., Chaloupková, H., Zavadilová L. (2020): Average Life Expectancy, the Most Common Cause of Death and Illness of Giant Dog Breeds. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 51, 9-14. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2020-0002

Files for download

sab-2020-01-02-fiala-sebkova.pdf

Size 1.6 MB

Download file

Assessment of Green Spaces Development in Prague During Years 1901–2010

Although the issue of urban greenery is a frequently discussed topic and numerous case studies have already documented the beneficial functions of green spaces in the cities, studies on the balance of urban greenery during the past 20th century are few. This research follows up the issue of Prague urban green spaces during the years 1901–2010 and documents the changes in Prague public greenery in that period. The analysis specifies the development of public greenery and characterizes its categories in the individual decades of the 20th century. The percentage of public greenery and its area in hectares are given for each decade. Furthermore, the total green area is confronted with the number of inhabitants then living in Prague. The results have shown a continuous development and expansion of urban greenery. Their application will be beneficial to the city planning for sustainable development and further management of current and future public green areas as a part of the capital’s urban structure.

public greenery, urban greenery, 20th century, city

Hladíková, L., Jebavý, M. (2020): Assessment of Green Spaces Development in Prague during Years 1901–2010. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 51, 15-21. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2020-0003

Files for download

sab-2020-01-03-hladikova.pdf

Size 1.69 MB

Download file

Methods of Maintaining Soil Depth Evenness during Disk Tillage

The article examines agro-technical requirements of machine implements with disk working bodies and is aimed to investigate the existing and alternative methods of depth regulation during soil tillage by the mentioned implements. We defined the machines performance indicators significantly affecting the plant potential release not considered previously. The study results were obtained via the soil tilling depth regulation by the disking speed, the change of an incidence angle of the working batteries, and by the use of the additional load mounted on the machine frame. The article presents a two-year research results obtained in 40 different land plots of the Sumy region (Ukraine) using domestic and imported machines, with wheat and buckwheat as crops. To ensure the study accuracy, the methodology was based on the CND 46.16.02.-96. Agricultural Machinery. Quality Indicators Nomenclature (Catalogue of Normative Documents, published in 1997). The research results demonstrate that the tilling depth depends on the manufacturing plant default settings, the speed regime, and the machine load. For the experimental data analysis, the Least Squares Means method was used. The research presents alternative methods of changing the tilling depth applicable for any machine aggregates with disk working bodies, and its results can serve the agricultural machinery designers.

disking, tillage implements, operating conditions, agro-technical requirements, adjustment, performance quality.

Zubko, V., Khvorost, T., Zamora, O., Onychko, V. (2020): Methods of Maintaining Soil Depth Evenness during Disk Tillage. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 51, 22-30. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2020-0004

Files for download

sab-2020-01-04-zamora.pdf

Size 6.57 MB

Download file

Influence of No-till Technology on Reducing Soil Degradation during Sorghum Cultivation

Soil degradation and water erosion are undoubtedly serious global problems. Moreover, excessive surface runoff and the lack of water in landscape are problems encountered not only in the Czech agricultural land. This condition is unsustainable in the long-term and it is necessary to find, verify and quantify suitable agricultural methods for reducing soil degradation. In this study, we tested two soil conservation technologies for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivation. Our results show that erosion was reduced by more than 78% (no-till) and 89% (no-till: narrow row) in rainfall simulation on naturally moist soil compared to conventional cultivation. Also, the use of conservation technologies reduced surface runoff (52% no-till, 68% no-till: narrow row). Sorghum has similar agronomic requirements as maize but it has the advantage of a good dryness tolerance and a high water use efficiency. The two-year research (2014, 2017) took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Soil degradation was verified using a rainfall simulator. The results have shown that both no-till technologies have a significant (P < 0.05) soil conservation effect.

soil conservation technology, soil loss, surface runoff, rainfall simulator, water erosion

Kabelka, D., Kincl, D., Vopravil, J. (2020): Influence of No-till Technology on Reducing Soil Degradation during Sorghum Cultivation e. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 51, 31-39. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2020-0005

Files for download

sab-2020-01-05-kabelka.pdf

Size 1.59 MB

Download file