SAB

Calcium Chloride and Drought Stress Changed Grain Yield and Physiological Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

Water deficit or drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that induce reduction in plant growth and crops yield. Calcium chloride has been shown to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on many plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of calcium chloride in drought resistance and its effect on some physiological characteristics in sesame. Calcium is essential for good growth and structure of plants. In sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), the foliar application of calcium chloride (C1=0 (control), C2=5, C3=10 and C4=15 mM concentration) significantly affected on grain yield under drought stress (W1= 7 (control, no drought stress-plants irrigation at a 7-day interval), W2= 12 (severe drought and plants irrigation at a 12- day interval) and W3= 17 (the most severe drought and plants irrigation at a 17-day interval). Drought stress reduced grain yield and 1000 seed weight, but these were enhanced by foliar application of calcium chloride when drought levels increased from W1 to W3. Although the increasing calcium chloride concentration reduced the content of photosynthesis pigments in leaves, the drought treatment until W2 increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids) in leaves. The foliar application of calcium chloride increased the seed weight in plant, the number of capsules per plant, plant height, and the concentration of potassium and phosphorus in leaves and seeds. The greatest amount of potassium in leaves and seeds were measured under the W1C3 treatment. Sesame plants under W3C3 and W2C3 had the highest amount of phosphorus in leaves and seeds, respectively. Overall, although drought stress reduced the growth and grain yield in sesame, the foliar application of calcium chloride at the concentration of 10 mM, prevented the drought-stressed sesame plants from damage by improving their physiological parameters.

Calcium chloride, Drought stress, Grain yield, Nutrient elements, Photosynthesis pigments, Sesame, Yield components

Heidari, M., Amirfazli, N., Ghorbani, H., Zafarian, F. (2019): Calcium Chloride and Drought Stress Changed Grain Yield and Physiological Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.). Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 211-218. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0029

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Truncated Non-nuclear Transposable Elements iIn Grapevine: A Mini Review

In this mini-review we present insight to the non-nuclear transposable elements and in silico analysis of miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs) in the grapevine mitochondrial genome. Here we report the identification of 17 truncated sequences in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) mitochondrial genome which expectedly belongs to the four ancient transposon families (hAT, Tc1Mariner, Mutator and PIF/Harbinger). Some sequences with a high rate of homology in chloroplast and nuclear genomes were also identified. Thus, it suggests the intercellular gene transfer between these three organelles. These partial sequences showed a high level of similitude with full MITE sequences, and they were found in their inner region, supporting their MITE origin. Further analysis revealed these sequences in other life kingdoms (including eubacteria and archaea), which indicates their ancient origin. Further research showed that 13 out of the 17 sequences are conserved domains of the genes where they are located, suggesting their contribution to gene evolution. Therefore, we suppose that more studies of nature, origin and functional meaning of these sequences and their fusion with genes are necessary. In the light of our observations it will be useful for further studies of V. vinifera genome organizing and systematics, as well as for other species.

Vitis vinifera L., mitochondrial genome, mobile elements, MITEs, intracellular gene transfer, ancient transposon families

Milovanov, A.V., Tello, J., Anhalt, U.C.M., Forneck, A. (2019): Truncated Non-nuclear Transposable Elements in Grapevine: A Mini Review. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 219-227. DOI: 10.2478/SAB-2019-0030

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journal10218-volume50-issue4-02-supporting-materials-1-3.pdf

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Influence of Canahua and Quinoa Wholemeals on Properties of Non-fermented Wheat Dough

The study compares the influence of wheat flour replacement by 10 or 20 wt% of quinoa and canahua wholemeals on wheat dough technological quality and rheological properties. The technological quality of wheat flour was affected in terms of protein quality and amylases activity, associated with a high dietary fibre content of both tested non-traditional materials. A farinograph test revealed that quinoa partially increased water absorption; a higher amount of water resulted in the shortened stability of dough consistency during mixing and its weakened cohesiveness at the end of the test. The effect of canahua was unequivocal – water absorption decreased, stability was prolonged properly, but dough softening increased. An extensigraph test confirmed a positive effect of alternative crops on dough elasticity, but in general, the composite dough with 20% of canahua or quinoa showed worsened machinability. Multivariate statistical methods proved a stronger effect when quinoa was analysed solely than when added at complete samples a set, while for canahua-wheat samples the result was opposite.

composite flour, Chenopodium species, rheology, extensibility

Švec, I., Hrušková, M., Kapačinskaité, R., Hofmanová, T. (2019): Influence of Canahua and Quinoa Wholemeals on Properties of Non-fermented Wheat Dough. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 228-235. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0031

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Canopy-dwelling Arthropod Response to Rynaxypyr and Lambda-cyhalothrin Treatments in Maize

The technology of grain corn production has recently been continuously changing due to spreading of insecticidal in-crop treatments in Europe. The aim of these interventions is to prevent damage caused by serious lepidopterous pests in maize. We carried out in-maize field experiments using two different active ingredients of insecticides in four consecutive years (2014–2017). A field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of applications of rynaxypyr (ANT) and rynaxypyr + lambda-cyhalothrin (PYR) on the canopy-dwelling arthropod community in commercial maize grain acreage. The effects of both ANT and PYR treatments against Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lep.: Crambidae) were tested through four-year field experiments. The quantitative and qualitative assemblages of the perished arthropods and diversity alterations measured by canopy netting and grounded tarpaulins greatly differed in the different insecticide treatments. A significant number of dead arthropods was recorded after PYR treatment. Populations of other natural enemies (Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, etc.) and endangered species (Calomobius filum, Rossi ) were also negatively affected. The arthropod community of the examined maize plots was drastically altered by sprayings, which, among other factors, may account for the mass appearance of the other non-target pest organisms (Aphidae: Rhopalosiphum spp., Miridae: Trygonotylus spp.).

anthranilic diamide, in-crop treatment, non-target arthropods, pyrethroid, side effect.

Keszthelyi, S., Pónya, Z. (2019): Canopy-dwelling Arthropod Response to Rynaxypyr and Lambda-cyhalothrin Treatments in Maize. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 236-243. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0033

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Quality Attributes That Matters When Purchasing Milk by Slovak Consumers

Food market has changed dramatically over past decades. Whereas in the past consumers faced problems with food availability and quantity, today they are more concerned with its qualitative side. Milk, Slovak traditional foodstuff, is now experiencing the declining consumer interest. Regarding this, the main aim of the article is to examine the importance and influence of quality attributes on Slovak consumers when purchasing milk. For accomplishing this, a quantitative consumer survey was arranged. Its results showed that to the group of top five most important quality attributes belonged healthiness, freshness, sensory appeals, processing and fat; and a presence of at least two dependencies in relation to age, gender, income and education individually was confirmed. This creates a valuable basis for the value concept development, segmentation, targeting and positioning projection, product strategy modification and innovation and segmentation and marketing mix strategy creation.

food consumer behaviour, extrinsic, intrinsic, experience and credence quality attribute, correlation

Kurajdová, K., Táborecká-Petrovičová, J., Nedelová, G. (2019): Quality Attributes That Matters When Purchasing Milk by Slovak Consumers. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 244-250. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0034

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Future Agriculturists: Czech and U.S. Agricultural Students’ Attitudes towards Agriculture

The future of agriculture in the EU is endangered by a constantly diminishing number of young skilled agricultural workers starting their career in agribusiness. The problem of not pursuing in the agricultural career after the university graduation forced us to compare different attitudes of students from the USA (Ohio State University) and the Czech Republic (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague). The article deals with the attitudes towards agriculture in two groups of agriculture university students (n = 201). The data were collected with the use of a standardized Questionnaire on Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes. The results of Man-Whitney test indicate that both groups of students show significantly more the affective than the cognitive base of their attitude. Furthermore, U.S. students display more positive attitudes towards the agriculture workers than Czech students. Authors bring forward the issue of attitudes in an attempt to find a way to influence the decision making of skilled agri-graduates to prefer the field of agribusiness over other careers and propose to focus on a change in attitudes, for example by the increase of the level of practical experience with agribusiness in school farm estates.

attitudes, Czech students, employment, farming, reflexion, skilled agricultural workers, U.S. students

Chýlová, H., Michálek, P., Rymešová, P., Natovová, L. (2019): Future Agriculturists: Czech and U.S. Agricultural Students’ Attitudes towards Agriculture. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 251-258. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0035

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Identification of the Location of Vanished Objects of Baroque Land in Lysá nad Labem

The case study focuses on localizing the vanished complex of Count Špork’s baroque landscape at Lysá nad Labem using aerial photography. The only source localizing the former historical objects is Vogt’s veduta from 1712. The objects were not captured in any historical cartographic materials, as they had disappeared before the first mapping of the territory. So no relevant information on the vanished objectsis at disposal. The results of the present study are rectification of the objects in the southwestern part of Vogt’s veduta and aerial images of the previously unspecified structures near the former hospital Karlov. The study provides more information on one of the largest vanished baroque complexes in Central Europe and opens up further for closer studies of this area including thebaroque landscape. At the same time, the effectiveness of aerial survey for the needs of landscape planning has been confirmed. Thanks to localizing the vanished monuments, they can be incorporated into the landscape planning system and approached as a cultural heritage, a value and a limit of the territory.

landscape planning; aerial survey; aerial archeology; photography.

Havlová, M. (2019): Identification of the Location of Vanished Objects of Baroque Land in Lysá nad Labem. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50, 259-266. DOI: 10.2478/sab-2019-0032

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