This study examines key factors influencing dairy farm performance in Kosovo, a sector that remains important for rural livelihoods but continues to face challenges related to productivity, market integration, and competitiveness. While previous studies have typically focused on individual aspects such as cattle breed or feeding practices, limited attention has been given to their combined effects on milk production within the Kosovo context. Using data collected from 101 farms (2,973 cattle) across seven regions, the study applies ANOVA, independent sample t-tests, correlation, and regression analyses to assess differences in production and identify key determinants. The results indicate that Holstein and mixed cattle farms achieved significantly higher daily and annual milk yields compared to Simmental farms (p < 0.05). Farms applying feeding systems supplemented with 18% protein show higher levels of milk production and income. Correlation analysis showed strong positive relationships between herd size, milk production, and income indicating that farms with larger herds generally achieved higher output and better economic performance. Regression results further suggest that herd size is positively associated with milk output, while milk price demonstrates a negative relationship with production, potentially reflecting market-related production decisions. These findings highlight the importance of integrated management strategies, including breed selection and feeding practices, in improving productivity and economic performance in dairy farming systems.
dairy farming; feed category; farm performance; milk production